时间:2021-02-23 数据分析 查看: 1160
这篇文章主要介绍了基于python实现雪花算法过程详解,文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细,对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,需要的朋友可以参考下
Snowflake是Twitter提出来的一个算法,其目的是生成一个64bit的整数:
上面只是一个将64bit划分的标准,当然也不一定这么做,可以根据不同业务的具体场景来划分,比如下面给出一个业务场景:
机器三地部署我们可以用3bit总共8来表示机房位置,当前的机器10台,为了保证扩展到百台那么可以用7bit 128来表示,时间位依然是41bit,那么还剩下64-10-3-7-41-1 = 2bit,还剩下2bit可以用来进行扩展。
时钟回拨
因为机器的原因会发生时间回拨,我们的雪花算法是强依赖我们的时间的,如果时间发生回拨,有可能会生成重复的ID,在我们上面的nextId中我们用当前时间和上一次的时间进行判断,如果当前时间小于上一次的时间那么肯定是发生了回拨,算法会直接抛出异常.
# Twitter's Snowflake algorithm implementation which is used to generate distributed IDs.
# https://github.com/twitter-archive/snowflake/blob/snowflake-2010/src/main/scala/com/twitter/service/snowflake/IdWorker.scala
import time
import logging
from .exceptions import InvalidSystemClock
# 64位ID的划分
WORKER_ID_BITS = 5
DATACENTER_ID_BITS = 5
SEQUENCE_BITS = 12
# 最大取值计算
MAX_WORKER_ID = -1 ^ (-1 << WORKER_ID_BITS) # 2**5-1 0b11111
MAX_DATACENTER_ID = -1 ^ (-1 << DATACENTER_ID_BITS)
# 移位偏移计算
WOKER_ID_SHIFT = SEQUENCE_BITS
DATACENTER_ID_SHIFT = SEQUENCE_BITS + WORKER_ID_BITS
TIMESTAMP_LEFT_SHIFT = SEQUENCE_BITS + WORKER_ID_BITS + DATACENTER_ID_BITS
# 序号循环掩码
SEQUENCE_MASK = -1 ^ (-1 << SEQUENCE_BITS)
# Twitter元年时间戳
TWEPOCH = 1288834974657
logger = logging.getLogger('flask.app')
class IdWorker(object):
"""
用于生成IDs
"""
def __init__(self, datacenter_id, worker_id, sequence=0):
"""
初始化
:param datacenter_id: 数据中心(机器区域)ID
:param worker_id: 机器ID
:param sequence: 其实序号
"""
# sanity check
if worker_id > MAX_WORKER_ID or worker_id < 0:
raise ValueError('worker_id值越界')
if datacenter_id > MAX_DATACENTER_ID or datacenter_id < 0:
raise ValueError('datacenter_id值越界')
self.worker_id = worker_id
self.datacenter_id = datacenter_id
self.sequence = sequence
self.last_timestamp = -1 # 上次计算的时间戳
def _gen_timestamp(self):
"""
生成整数时间戳
:return:int timestamp
"""
return int(time.time() * 1000)
def get_id(self):
"""
获取新ID
:return:
"""
timestamp = self._gen_timestamp()
# 时钟回拨
if timestamp < self.last_timestamp:
logging.error('clock is moving backwards. Rejecting requests until {}'.format(self.last_timestamp))
raise InvalidSystemClock
if timestamp == self.last_timestamp:
self.sequence = (self.sequence + 1) & SEQUENCE_MASK
if self.sequence == 0:
timestamp = self._til_next_millis(self.last_timestamp)
else:
self.sequence = 0
self.last_timestamp = timestamp
new_id = ((timestamp - TWEPOCH) << TIMESTAMP_LEFT_SHIFT) | (self.datacenter_id << DATACENTER_ID_SHIFT) | \
(self.worker_id << WOKER_ID_SHIFT) | self.sequence
return new_id
def _til_next_millis(self, last_timestamp):
"""
等到下一毫秒
"""
timestamp = self._gen_timestamp()
while timestamp <= last_timestamp:
timestamp = self._gen_timestamp()
return timestamp
if __name__ == '__main__':
worker = IdWorker(1, 2, 0)
print(worker.get_id())
同文件夹下建立exceptions.py
class InvalidSystemClock(Exception):
"""
时钟回拨异常
"""
pass
配置文件中添加,对应的是机器ID和序列号
# Snowflake ID Worker 参数
DATACENTER_ID = 0
WORKER_ID = 0
SEQUENCE = 0
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持python博客。