Python实现学生管理系统的代码(JSON模块)

时间：2021-05-11 python教程查看: 725

构思

学生管理系统应该包含老师注册登录管理学生信息（增删改查）还有数据持久化

因为数据存入JSON文件增删改查都需要读取和修改文件
所以需要一个读写文件的方法文件 file_manager
密码加密可以用到哈希模块文件 tools
老师和学生的类文件 model
程序入口（主页）文件index
核心增删改查文件 student_manager

file_manager.py

"""
Project: ClassStudent
Creator: 猫猫
Create time: 2021-02-25 20:23
IDE: PyCharm
Introduction:https://blog.csdn.net/Cantevenl/article/details/115439530
"""
base_dir = 'files/'  # 定义一个变量 文件路径


# 读文件的函数
def read_file(file_name):
    try:
        with open(base_dir + file_name, 'r', encoding='utf8') as file:
            content = file.read()
            return content
    except FileNotFoundError:
        print('文件未找到')


def write_json(file_name, data):
    with open(base_dir + file_name, 'w', encoding='utf8') as file:
        import json
        json.dump(data, file)


def read_json(file_name, default_data):
    try:
        with open(base_dir + file_name, 'r', encoding='utf8') as file:
            import json
            return json.load(file)
    except FileNotFoundError:
        # print('文件未找到')
        return default_data

tools.py

"""
Project: ClassStudent
Creator: 猫猫
Create time: 2021-02-25 20:24
IDE: PyCharm
Introduction:https://blog.csdn.net/Cantevenl/article/details/115439530
"""
# 加密密码
import hashlib

def encrypt_password(passwd, x='zhumaogouniu'):
    h = hashlib.sha256()
    h.update(passwd.encode('utf8'))
    h.update(x.encode('utf8'))
    return h.hexdigest()

model.py

"""
Project: ClassStudent
Creator: 猫猫
Create time: 2021-02-25 20:24
IDE: PyCharm
Introduction:https://blog.csdn.net/Cantevenl/article/details/115439530
"""
# 创建一个老师对象
class Teacher(object):
    def __init__(self, name, password):
        import tools
        self.name = name
        self.password = tools.encrypt_password(password)

class Student(object):
    def __init__(self, s_id, name, age, gender, tel):
        self.s_id = s_id
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.gender = gender
        self.tel = tel

index.py

"""
Project: ClassStudent
Creator: 猫猫
Create time: 2021-02-25 20:25
IDE: PyCharm
Introduction:https://blog.csdn.net/Cantevenl/article/details/115439530
"""
import sys
import file_manager  # 导入自己写的读取文件模块
import model
import student_manager

def register():
    # 读取文件,查看文件里是否有数据。如果文件不存在，默认是一个字典
    data = file_manager.read_json('data.json', {})
    while True:
        teacher_name = input('请输入账号(3~6位):')
        if not 2 <= len(teacher_name) <= 6:
            print('账号不符合要求,请重新输入!')
        else:
            break
    if teacher_name in data:
        print('注册失败!该账号已经被注册!')
        return

    while True:
        password = input('请输入密码(6~12位):')
        if not 6 <= len(password) <= 12:
            print('密码不符合要求,请重新输入!')
        else:
            break

    # 用户名密码都已经输入正确以后 将用户名和密码以key:value形式储存
    # 可以创建一个teacher对象
    t = model.Teacher(teacher_name, password)
    data[t.name] = t.password
    file_manager.write_json('data.json', data)

def login():
    # 读取文件,查看文件里是否有数据。如果文件不存在，默认是一个字典
    data = file_manager.read_json('data.json', {})
    teacher_name = input('请输入老师账号:')

    if teacher_name not in data:
        print('登录失败!该账号没有注册!')
        return
    password = input('请输入密码:')
    import tools
    if data[teacher_name] == tools.encrypt_password(password):
        student_manager.name = teacher_name
        print('登录成功')
        student_manager.show_manager()
    else:
        print('密码错误,登陆失败!')

def start():
    content = file_manager.read_file('welcome.txt')
    while True:
        operate = input(content + '\n请选择(1-3)：')
        if operate == '1':
            print('登录')
            login()
        elif operate == '2':
            print('注册')
            register()
        elif operate == '3':
            print('退出')
            # break   # 把循环退出
            # exit(0)   # 退出整个程序
            sys.exit(0)  # 退出程序
        else:
            print('输入有误！')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    start()

student_manager.py

"""
Project: ClassStudent
Creator: 猫猫
Create time: 2021-02-25 20:26
IDE: PyCharm
Introduction:https://blog.csdn.net/Cantevenl/article/details/115439530
"""
import file_manager
import model

name = ''


# 添加
def add_student():
    x = file_manager.read_json(name + '.json', {})
    if not x:
        students = []
        num = 0
    else:
        students = x['all_student']
        # s_id通过json字典里的num来生成
        num = int(x['num'])
    while True:
        s_name = input('请输入学生姓名:')
        s_age = input('请输入年龄:')
        s_gender = input('请输入性别:')
        s_tel = input('请输入电话号码:')

        num += 1
        # 字符串的zfill方法，在字符串的前面补0
        s_id = 'student_id_' + str(num).zfill(3)

        # 创建一个Student对象
        s = model.Student(s_id, s_name, s_age, s_gender, s_tel)

        students.append(s.__dict__)
        # 拼接字典
        data = {'all_student': students, 'num': len(students)}
        # 把数据写入到文件里 以老师名字.json 把data写进去
        file_manager.write_json(name + '.json', data)
        choice = input('添加成功!\n1.继续\n2.返回\n请选择(1-2):')
        if choice == '2':
            break


# 显示 查找
def show_student():
    choice = input('1.查看所有学生\n2.根据姓名查找\n3.根据学号查找\n其他:返回\n请选择:')
    students = file_manager.read_json(name + '.json', {})

    all_students = students.get('all_student', [])  # get拿列表里的数据，拿不到默认是一个空列表[]
    if not all_students:
        print('该老师没有学生，请添加学生')
        return

    if choice == '1':  # 查看所有学生
        pass
    elif choice == '2':  # 根据姓名查看
        s_name = input('请输入学生的姓名:')
        all_students = filter(lambda s: s['name'] == s_name, all_students)  # students就只保留了指定名字的学生
    elif choice == '3':  # 学号查找
        s_id = input('请输入学生的学号:')
        all_students = filter(lambda s: s['s_id'] == s_id, all_students)
    else:
        return

    if not students:
        print('未找到学生')
        return

    for student in all_students:
        print('学号:{s_id},姓名:{name},性别:{gender},年龄{age},电话号码{tel}'.format(**student))


# 修改
def modify_student():
    key = value = ''
    m = file_manager.read_json(name + '.json', {})
    all_students = m.get('all_student', [])

    if not all_students:
        print('该老师没有学生,请添加学生')
        return

    modify = input('1.根据姓名修改\n2.根据学号修改\n其他:返回\n请选择:')
    if modify == '1':
        value = input('请输入要修改的学生名字:')
        key = 'name'

    elif modify == '2':
        value = input('请输入要修改的学生学号:')
        key = 's_id'

    else:
        return

    students = list(filter(lambda s: s[key] == value, all_students))
    if not all_students:
        print('没有找到对应的学生')
        return

    for i, student in enumerate(students):
        print('{xiabiao} 学号:{s_id},姓名:{name},性别:{gender},年龄{age},电话号码{tel}'.format(xiabiao=i, **student))

    n = int(input('请输入需要修改的学生的标号(0~{}),q-->返回:'.format(len(students) - 1)))

    if not 0 <= n <= len(students):
        print('输入的内容错误')
        return

    all_students.remove(students[n])

    students[n]['s_id'] = new_input((students[n]['s_id']), "请输入修改后的学生学号[回车则不修改]:")
    students[n]['name'] = new_input((students[n]['name']), "请输入修改后的学生姓名[回车则不修改]:")
    students[n]['gender'] = new_input((students[n]['gender']), "请输入修改后的学生性别[回车则不修改]:")
    students[n]['age'] = new_input((students[n]['age']), "请输入修改后的学生年龄[回车则不修改]:")
    students[n]['tel'] = new_input((students[n]['tel']), "请输入修改后的学生电话号码[回车则不修改]:")
    all_students.append(students[n])
    print(all_students)
    m['all_student'] = all_students
    file_manager.write_json(name + '.json', m)


# 删除
def delete_student():
    y = file_manager.read_json(name + '.json', {})
    all_students = y.get('all_student', [])
    key = value = ''

    if not all_students:
        print('该老师没有学生，请添加学生')
        return

    num = input('1.按照姓名删除\n2.按照学号删除\n其他:返回\n请选择:')
    if num == '1':
        key = 'name'
        value = input('请输入要删除的学生名字:')

    elif num == '2':
        key = 's_id'
        value = input('请输入要删除的学生学号:')
    else:
        return

    students = list(filter(lambda s: s.get(key, '') == value, all_students))
    if not students:
        print('没有找到对应的学生')
        return

    for i, student in enumerate(students):
        print('{xiabiao} 学号:{s_id},姓名:{name},性别:{gender},年龄{age},电话号码{tel}'.format(xiabiao=i, **student))

    n = input('请输入需要删除的学生的标号(0~{}),q-->返回:'.format(len(students) - 1))

    if not n.isdigit() or not 0 <= int(n) <= len(students):
        print('输入的内容错误')
        return

    # 将学生从all_students里删除
    # all_students.pop(n)
    all_students.remove(students[int(n)])

    # 更新新的名单
    y['all_student'] = all_students
    file_manager.write_json(name + '.json', y)


# 显示管理页面
def show_manager():
    content = file_manager.read_file('students_page.txt') % name
    while True:
        print(content)
        operate = input('请选择(1-5):')
        if operate == '1':
            add_student()
        elif operate == '2':
            show_student()
        elif operate == '3':
            modify_student()
        elif operate == '4':
            delete_student()
        elif operate == '5':
            break
        else:
            print('输入错误!')


# 修改时用的input方法
def new_input(old, new):
    input_str = input(new)

    if len(input_str) > 0:
        return input_str
    else:
        return old

美化文本

通过自己写的读取文件方法可以直接读取文本（类似界面）

welcome.txt

================================
    ** 欢迎来到学生管理系统**

           1. 登    录
           2. 注    册
           3. 退    出
    **                    **
================================

students_page.txt

================================
❀❀ 欢迎%s老师进入学生管理系统:

         1.  添加学生
         2.  查看学生
         3.  修改学生信息
         4.  删除学生
         5.  返回
❀❀                          ❀❀
================================

执行效果

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