Python爬取豆瓣数据实现过程解析

爬数据核心函数

def getData(baseurl):
  datalist=[]
  for i in range(0,10):#调用获取页面的函数10次
    url = baseurl + str(i*25)
    html = askURl(url)
  #逐一解析
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html,"html.parser")
    for item in soup.find_all('div',class_="item"):
    #print(item)
      data=[]
      item = str(item)

      link = re.findall(findLink,item)[0] #re库用来通过正则表达式查找指定的字符串
      data.append(link)
      titles =re.findall(findtitle,item)
      if(len(titles)==2):
        ctitle=titles[0].replace('\xa0',"")
        data.append(ctitle)#添加中文名
        otitle = titles[1].replace("\xa0/\xa0Perfume:","")
        data.append(otitle)#添加外国名
      else:
        data.append(titles[0])
        data.append(' ')#外国名字留空

      imgSrc = re.findall(findImg,item)[0]
      data.append(imgSrc)

      rating=re.findall(fileRating,item)[0]
      data.append(rating)

      judgenum = re.findall(findJudge,item)[0]
      data.append(judgenum)

      inq=re.findall(findInq,item)
      if len(inq) != 0:
        inq =inq[0].replace(".","")
        data.append(inq)
      else:
        data.append(" ")
      bd=re.findall(findBd,item)[0]
      bd=re.sub('<br(\s+)?/>(\s+)?'," ",bd) #去掉<br/>
      bd =re.sub('\xa0'," ",bd)
      data.append(bd.strip()) #去掉前后的空格

      datalist.append(data) #把处理好的一部电影信息放入datalist

  return datalist

获取指定网页内容

def askURl(url):

  head = {
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla / 5.0(Windows NT 10.0;WOW64) Apple"
    +"WebKit / 537.36(KHTML, likeGecko) Chrome / 78.0.3904.108 Safari / 537.36"
  }
#告诉豆瓣我们是浏览器我们可以接受什么水平的内容
  request = urllib.request.Request(url,headers=head)
  html=""
  try:
    response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
    html = response.read().decode("utf-8")
    # print(html)
  except urllib.error.URLError as e:
    if hasattr(e,"code"):
      print(e.code)
    if hasattr(e,"reason"):
      print(e.reason)
  return html

将爬下来的数据保存到表格中

ef saveData(datalist,savepath):
  print("保存中。。。")
  book = xlwt.Workbook(encoding="utf-8",style_compression=0) # 创建workbook对象
  sheet = book.add_sheet('douban',cell_overwrite_ok=True) #创建工作表 cell_overwrite_ok表示直接覆盖
  col = ("电影详情链接","影片中文网","影片外国名","图片链接","评分","评价数","概况","相关信息")
  for i in range(0,8):
    sheet.write(0,i,col[i])
  for i in range(0,250):
    print("第%d条" %(i+1))
    data = datalist[i]
    for j in range(0,8):
      sheet.write(i+1,j,data[j])

  book.save(savepath)

以上就是整个爬数据的整个程序，这仅仅是一个非常简单的爬取，如果想要爬更难的网页需要实时分析

整个程序代码

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup #网页解析，获取数据
import sys #正则表达式，进行文字匹配
import re
import urllib.request,urllib.error #指定url，获取网页数据
import xlwt #使用表格
import sqlite3
import lxml

def main():
  baseurl ="https://movie.douban.com/top250?start="
  datalist = getData(baseurl)
  savepath=('douban.xls')
  saveData(datalist,savepath)
#影片播放链接
findLink = re.compile(r'<a href="(.*?)" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >') #创建正则表达式对象，表示规则（字符串的模式）
#影片图片
findImg = re.compile(r'<img.*src="(.*?)" width="100"/>',re.S)#re.S取消换行符
#影片片面
findtitle= re.compile(r'<span class="title">(.*?)</span>')
#影片评分
fileRating = re.compile(r'<span class="rating_num" property="v:average">(.*?)</span>')
#找到评价的人数
findJudge = re.compile(r'<span>(\d*)人评价</span>')
#找到概识
findInq =re.compile(r'<span class="inq">(.*?)</span>')
#找到影片的相关内容
findBd = re.compile(r'<p class="">(.*?)</p>',re.S)

def getData(baseurl):
  datalist=[]
  for i in range(0,10):#调用获取页面的函数10次
    url = baseurl + str(i*25)
    html = askURl(url)
  #逐一解析
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html,"html.parser")
    for item in soup.find_all('div',class_="item"):
    #print(item)
      data=[]
      item = str(item)

      link = re.findall(findLink,item)[0] #re库用来通过正则表达式查找指定的字符串
      data.append(link)
      titles =re.findall(findtitle,item)
      if(len(titles)==2):
        ctitle=titles[0].replace('\xa0',"")
        data.append(ctitle)#添加中文名
        otitle = titles[1].replace("\xa0/\xa0Perfume:","")
        data.append(otitle)#添加外国名
      else:
        data.append(titles[0])
        data.append(' ')#外国名字留空

      imgSrc = re.findall(findImg,item)[0]
      data.append(imgSrc)

      rating=re.findall(fileRating,item)[0]
      data.append(rating)

      judgenum = re.findall(findJudge,item)[0]
      data.append(judgenum)

      inq=re.findall(findInq,item)
      if len(inq) != 0:
        inq =inq[0].replace(".","")
        data.append(inq)
      else:
        data.append(" ")
      bd=re.findall(findBd,item)[0]
      bd=re.sub('<br(\s+)?/>(\s+)?'," ",bd) #去掉<br/>
      bd =re.sub('\xa0'," ",bd)
      data.append(bd.strip()) #去掉前后的空格

      datalist.append(data) #把处理好的一部电影信息放入datalist

  return datalist

#得到指定一个url的网页内容
def askURl(url):

  head = {
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla / 5.0(Windows NT 10.0;WOW64) Apple"
    +"WebKit / 537.36(KHTML, likeGecko) Chrome / 78.0.3904.108 Safari / 537.36"
  }
#告诉豆瓣我们是浏览器我们可以接受什么水平的内容
  request = urllib.request.Request(url,headers=head)
  html=""
  try:
    response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
    html = response.read().decode("utf-8")
    # print(html)
  except urllib.error.URLError as e:
    if hasattr(e,"code"):
      print(e.code)
    if hasattr(e,"reason"):
      print(e.reason)
  return html

def saveData(datalist,savepath):
  print("保存中。。。")
  book = xlwt.Workbook(encoding="utf-8",style_compression=0) # 创建workbook对象
  sheet = book.add_sheet('douban',cell_overwrite_ok=True) #创建工作表 cell_overwrite_ok表示直接覆盖
  col = ("电影详情链接","影片中文网","影片外国名","图片链接","评分","评价数","概况","相关信息")
  for i in range(0,8):
    sheet.write(0,i,col[i])
  for i in range(0,250):
    print("第%d条" %(i+1))
    data = datalist[i]
    for j in range(0,8):
      sheet.write(i+1,j,data[j])

  book.save(savepath)

if __name__ == '__main__':
  main()

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持python博客。