时间：2020-10-11 python教程 查看: 878
用python制作普通贪吃蛇
哈喽，大家不知道是上午好还是中午好还是下午好还是晚上好！
贪吃蛇，应该是90后小时候的记忆（连我这个00后也不例外），今天，我们就用python这款编程语言来实现贪吃蛇
系统：所有都可以
需导入模块：
下载以上模块指令：
random和sys是Python自带的，我们只需要下载pygame即可
下载pygame：
在开始菜单输入“cmd”回车打开，输入``指令：pip install pygame
苹果电脑需要改成：pip3 install pygame
下载好后，打开python的shell界面，输入import pygame，回车，如果没报错，及代表安装完成。
接下来什么都不说，直接奉上代码（恕我没写注释）：
import random
import pygame
import sys
from pygame.locals import *
Snakespeed = 17
Window_Width = 800
Window_Height = 500
Cell_Size = 20 # Width and height of the cells
# Ensuring that the cells fit perfectly in the window. eg if cell size was
# 10 and window width or windowheight were 15 only 1.5 cells would
# fit.
assert Window_Width % Cell_Size == 0, "Window width must be a multiple of cell size."
# Ensuring that only whole integer number of cells fit perfectly in the window.
assert Window_Height % Cell_Size == 0, "Window height must be a multiple of cell size."
Cell_W = int(Window_Width / Cell_Size) # Cell Width
Cell_H = int(Window_Height / Cell_Size) # Cellc Height
White = (255, 255, 255)
Black = (0, 0, 0)
Red = (255, 0, 0) # Defining element colors for the program.
Green = (0, 255, 0)
DARKGreen = (0, 155, 0)
DARKGRAY = (40, 40, 40)
YELLOW = (255, 255, 0)
Red_DARK = (150, 0, 0)
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
BLUE_DARK = (0, 0, 150)
BGCOLOR = Black # Background color
UP = 'up'
DOWN = 'down' # Defining keyboard keys.
LEFT = 'left'
RIGHT = 'right'
HEAD = 0 # Syntactic sugar: index of the snake's head
def main():
global SnakespeedCLOCK, DISPLAYSURF, BASICFONT
pygame.init()
SnakespeedCLOCK = pygame.time.Clock()
DISPLAYSURF = pygame.display.set_mode((Window_Width, Window_Height))
BASICFONT = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 18)
pygame.display.set_caption('Snake')
showStartScreen()
while True:
runGame()
showGameOverScreen()
def runGame():
# Set a random start point.
startx = random.randint(5, Cell_W - 6)
starty = random.randint(5, Cell_H - 6)
wormCoords = [{'x': startx, 'y': starty},
{'x': startx - 1, 'y': starty},
{'x': startx - 2, 'y': starty}]
direction = RIGHT
# Start the apple in a random place.
apple = getRandomLocation()
while True: # main game loop
for event in pygame.event.get(): # event handling loop
if event.type == QUIT:
terminate()
elif event.type == KEYDOWN:
if (event.key == K_LEFT) and direction != RIGHT:
direction = LEFT
elif (event.key == K_RIGHT) and direction != LEFT:
direction = RIGHT
elif (event.key == K_UP) and direction != DOWN:
direction = UP
elif (event.key == K_DOWN) and direction != UP:
direction = DOWN
elif event.key == K_ESCAPE:
terminate()
# check if the Snake has hit itself or the edge
if wormCoords[HEAD]['x'] == -1 or wormCoords[HEAD]['x'] == Cell_W or wormCoords[HEAD]['y'] == -1 or wormCoords[HEAD]['y'] == Cell_H:
return # game over
for wormBody in wormCoords[1:]:
if wormBody['x'] == wormCoords[HEAD]['x'] and wormBody['y'] == wormCoords[HEAD]['y']:
return # game over
# check if Snake has eaten an apply
if wormCoords[HEAD]['x'] == apple['x'] and wormCoords[HEAD]['y'] == apple['y']:
# don't remove worm's tail segment
apple = getRandomLocation() # set a new apple somewhere
else:
del wormCoords[-1] # remove worm's tail segment
# move the worm by adding a segment in the direction it is moving
if direction == UP:
newHead = {'x': wormCoords[HEAD]['x'],
'y': wormCoords[HEAD]['y'] - 1}
elif direction == DOWN:
newHead = {'x': wormCoords[HEAD]['x'],
'y': wormCoords[HEAD]['y'] + 1}
elif direction == LEFT:
newHead = {'x': wormCoords[HEAD][
'x'] - 1, 'y': wormCoords[HEAD]['y']}
elif direction == RIGHT:
newHead = {'x': wormCoords[HEAD][
'x'] + 1, 'y': wormCoords[HEAD]['y']}
wormCoords.insert(0, newHead)
DISPLAYSURF.fill(BGCOLOR)
drawGrid()
drawWorm(wormCoords)
drawApple(apple)
drawScore(len(wormCoords) - 3)
pygame.display.update()
SnakespeedCLOCK.tick(Snakespeed)
def drawPressKeyMsg():
pressKeySurf = BASICFONT.render('Press a key to play.', True, White)
pressKeyRect = pressKeySurf.get_rect()
pressKeyRect.topleft = (Window_Width - 200, Window_Height - 30)
DISPLAYSURF.blit(pressKeySurf, pressKeyRect)
def checkForKeyPress():
if len(pygame.event.get(QUIT)) > 0:
terminate()
keyUpEvents = pygame.event.get(KEYUP)
if len(keyUpEvents) == 0:
return None
if keyUpEvents[0].key == K_ESCAPE:
terminate()
return keyUpEvents[0].key
def showStartScreen():
titleFont = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 100)
titleSurf1 = titleFont.render('Snake!', True, White, DARKGreen)
degrees1 = 0
degrees2 = 0
while True:
DISPLAYSURF.fill(BGCOLOR)
rotatedSurf1 = pygame.transform.rotate(titleSurf1, degrees1)
rotatedRect1 = rotatedSurf1.get_rect()
rotatedRect1.center = (Window_Width / 2, Window_Height / 2)
DISPLAYSURF.blit(rotatedSurf1, rotatedRect1)
drawPressKeyMsg()
if checkForKeyPress():
pygame.event.get() # clear event queue
return
pygame.display.update()
SnakespeedCLOCK.tick(Snakespeed)
degrees1 += 3 # rotate by 3 degrees each frame
degrees2 += 7 # rotate by 7 degrees each frame
def terminate():
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
def getRandomLocation():
return {'x': random.randint(0, Cell_W - 1), 'y': random.randint(0, Cell_H - 1)}
def showGameOverScreen():
gameOverFont = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 100)
gameSurf = gameOverFont.render('Game', True, White)
overSurf = gameOverFont.render('Over', True, White)
gameRect = gameSurf.get_rect()
overRect = overSurf.get_rect()
gameRect.midtop = (Window_Width / 2, 10)
overRect.midtop = (Window_Width / 2, gameRect.height + 10 + 25)
DISPLAYSURF.blit(gameSurf, gameRect)
DISPLAYSURF.blit(overSurf, overRect)
drawPressKeyMsg()
pygame.display.update()
pygame.time.wait(500)
checkForKeyPress() # clear out any key presses in the event queue
while True:
if checkForKeyPress():
pygame.event.get() # clear event queue
return
def drawScore(score):
scoreSurf = BASICFONT.render('Score: %s' % (score), True, White)
scoreRect = scoreSurf.get_rect()
scoreRect.topleft = (Window_Width - 120, 10)
DISPLAYSURF.blit(scoreSurf, scoreRect)
def drawWorm(wormCoords):
for coord in wormCoords:
x = coord['x'] * Cell_Size
y = coord['y'] * Cell_Size
wormSegmentRect = pygame.Rect(x, y, Cell_Size, Cell_Size)
pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, DARKGreen, wormSegmentRect)
wormInnerSegmentRect = pygame.Rect(
x + 4, y + 4, Cell_Size - 8, Cell_Size - 8)
pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, Green, wormInnerSegmentRect)
def drawApple(coord):
x = coord['x'] * Cell_Size
y = coord['y'] * Cell_Size
appleRect = pygame.Rect(x, y, Cell_Size, Cell_Size)
pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, Red, appleRect)
def drawGrid():
for x in range(0, Window_Width, Cell_Size): # draw vertical lines
pygame.draw.line(DISPLAYSURF, DARKGRAY, (x, 0), (x, Window_Height))
for y in range(0, Window_Height, Cell_Size): # draw horizontal lines
pygame.draw.line(DISPLAYSURF, DARKGRAY, (0, y), (Window_Width, y))
if __name__ == '__main__':
try:
main()
except SystemExit:
pass以上是贪吃蛇的全部代码，接下来，我们来制作AI版贪吃蛇。
用python制作AI版贪吃蛇
AI版贪吃蛇，即让系统自己玩贪吃蛇，一句话：自己玩自己。下面开始：
系统：什么都可以
需导入的模块：
如果你已经下载好了pygame，即可直接开始。
还是什么都不说，直接奉上代码（这次有注释）
#coding: utf-8
import pygame,sys,time,random
from pygame.locals import *
# 定义颜色变量
redColour = pygame.Color(255,0,0)
blackColour = pygame.Color(0,0,0)
whiteColour = pygame.Color(255,255,255)
greenColour = pygame.Color(0,255,0)
headColour = pygame.Color(0,119,255)
#注意：在下面所有的除法中，为了防止pygame输出偏差，必须取除数(//)而不是单纯除法(/)
# 蛇运动的场地长宽，因为第0行，HEIGHT行，第0列，WIDTH列为围墙，所以实际是13*13
HEIGHT = 15
WIDTH = 15
FIELD_SIZE = HEIGHT * WIDTH
# 蛇头位于snake数组的第一个元素
HEAD = 0
# 用数字代表不同的对象，由于运动时矩阵上每个格子会处理成到达食物的路径长度，
# 因此这三个变量间需要有足够大的间隔(>HEIGHT*WIDTH)来互相区分
# 小写一般是坐标，大写代表常量
FOOD = 0
UNDEFINED = (HEIGHT + 1) * (WIDTH + 1)
SNAKE = 2 * UNDEFINED
# 由于snake是一维数组，所以对应元素直接加上以下值就表示向四个方向移动
LEFT = -1
RIGHT = 1
UP = -WIDTH#一维数组，所以需要整个宽度都加上才能表示上下移动
DOWN = WIDTH
# 错误码
ERR = -2333
# 用一维数组来表示二维的东西
# board表示蛇运动的矩形场地
# 初始化蛇头在(1,1)的地方
# 初始蛇长度为1
board = [0] * FIELD_SIZE #[0,0,0,……]
snake = [0] * (FIELD_SIZE+1)
snake[HEAD] = 1*WIDTH+1
snake_size = 1
# 与上面变量对应的临时变量，蛇试探性地移动时使用
tmpboard = [0] * FIELD_SIZE
tmpsnake = [0] * (FIELD_SIZE+1)
tmpsnake[HEAD] = 1*WIDTH+1
tmpsnake_size = 1
# food:食物位置初始在(4, 7)
# best_move: 运动方向
food = 4 * WIDTH + 7
best_move = ERR
# 运动方向数组，游戏分数(蛇长)
mov = [LEFT, RIGHT, UP, DOWN]
score = 1
# 检查一个cell有没有被蛇身覆盖，没有覆盖则为free，返回true
def is_cell_free(idx, psize, psnake):
return not (idx in psnake[:psize])
# 检查某个位置idx是否可向move方向运动
def is_move_possible(idx, move):
flag = False
if move == LEFT:
#因为实际范围是13*13,[1,13]*[1,13],所以idx为1时不能往左跑，此时取余为1所以>1
flag = True if idx%WIDTH > 1 else False
elif move == RIGHT:
#这里的<WIDTH-2跟上面是一样的道理
flag = True if idx%WIDTH < (WIDTH-2) else False
elif move == UP:
#这里向上的判断画图很好理解，因为在[1,13]*[1,13]的实际运动范围外，还有个
#大框是围墙，就是之前说的那几个行列，下面判断向下运动的条件也是类似的
flag = True if idx > (2*WIDTH-1) else False
elif move == DOWN:
flag = True if idx < (FIELD_SIZE-2*WIDTH) else False
return flag
# 重置board
# board_BFS后，UNDEFINED值都变为了到达食物的路径长度
# 如需要还原，则要重置它
def board_reset(psnake, psize, pboard):
for i in range(FIELD_SIZE):
if i == food:
pboard[i] = FOOD
elif is_cell_free(i, psize, psnake): # 该位置为空
pboard[i] = UNDEFINED
else: # 该位置为蛇身
pboard[i] = SNAKE
# 广度优先搜索遍历整个board，
# 计算出board中每个非SNAKE元素到达食物的路径长度
def board_BFS(pfood, psnake, pboard):
queue = []
queue.append(pfood)
inqueue = [0] * FIELD_SIZE
found = False
# while循环结束后，除了蛇的身体，
# 其它每个方格中的数字为从它到食物的曼哈顿间距
while len(queue)!=0:
idx = queue.pop(0)#初始时idx是食物的坐标
if inqueue[idx] == 1: continue
inqueue[idx] = 1
for i in range(4):#左右上下
if is_move_possible(idx, mov[i]):
if idx + mov[i] == psnake[HEAD]:
found = True
if pboard[idx+mov[i]] < SNAKE: # 如果该点不是蛇的身体
if pboard[idx+mov[i]] > pboard[idx]+1:#小于的时候不管，不然会覆盖已有的路径数据
pboard[idx+mov[i]] = pboard[idx] + 1
if inqueue[idx+mov[i]] == 0:
queue.append(idx+mov[i])
return found
# 从蛇头开始，根据board中元素值，
# 从蛇头周围4个领域点中选择最短路径
def choose_shortest_safe_move(psnake, pboard):
best_move = ERR
min = SNAKE
for i in range(4):
if is_move_possible(psnake[HEAD], mov[i]) and pboard[psnake[HEAD]+mov[i]]<min:
#这里判断最小和下面的函数判断最大，都是先赋值，再循环互相比较
min = pboard[psnake[HEAD]+mov[i]]
best_move = mov[i]
return best_move
# 从蛇头开始，根据board中元素值，
# 从蛇头周围4个领域点中选择最远路径
def choose_longest_safe_move(psnake, pboard):
best_move = ERR
max = -1
for i in range(4):
if is_move_possible(psnake[HEAD], mov[i]) and pboard[psnake[HEAD]+mov[i]]<UNDEFINED and pboard[psnake[HEAD]+mov[i]]>max:
max = pboard[psnake[HEAD]+mov[i]]
best_move = mov[i]
return best_move
# 检查是否可以追着蛇尾运动，即蛇头和蛇尾间是有路径的
# 为的是避免蛇头陷入死路
# 虚拟操作，在tmpboard,tmpsnake中进行
def is_tail_inside():
global tmpboard, tmpsnake, food, tmpsnake_size
tmpboard[tmpsnake[tmpsnake_size-1]] = 0 # 虚拟地将蛇尾变为食物(因为是虚拟的，所以在tmpsnake,tmpboard中进行)
tmpboard[food] = SNAKE # 放置食物的地方，看成蛇身
result = board_BFS(tmpsnake[tmpsnake_size-1], tmpsnake, tmpboard) # 求得每个位置到蛇尾的路径长度
for i in range(4): # 如果蛇头和蛇尾紧挨着，则返回False。即不能follow_tail，追着蛇尾运动了
if is_move_possible(tmpsnake[HEAD], mov[i]) and tmpsnake[HEAD]+mov[i]==tmpsnake[tmpsnake_size-1] and tmpsnake_size>3:
result = False
return result
# 让蛇头朝着蛇尾运行一步
# 不管蛇身阻挡，朝蛇尾方向运行
def follow_tail():
global tmpboard, tmpsnake, food, tmpsnake_size
tmpsnake_size = snake_size
tmpsnake = snake[:]
board_reset(tmpsnake, tmpsnake_size, tmpboard) # 重置虚拟board
tmpboard[tmpsnake[tmpsnake_size-1]] = FOOD # 让蛇尾成为食物
tmpboard[food] = SNAKE # 让食物的地方变成蛇身
board_BFS(tmpsnake[tmpsnake_size-1], tmpsnake, tmpboard) # 求得各个位置到达蛇尾的路径长度
tmpboard[tmpsnake[tmpsnake_size-1]] = SNAKE # 还原蛇尾
return choose_longest_safe_move(tmpsnake, tmpboard) # 返回运行方向(让蛇头运动1步)
# 在各种方案都不行时，随便找一个可行的方向来走(1步),
def any_possible_move():
global food , snake, snake_size, board
best_move = ERR
board_reset(snake, snake_size, board)
board_BFS(food, snake, board)
min = SNAKE
for i in range(4):
if is_move_possible(snake[HEAD], mov[i]) and board[snake[HEAD]+mov[i]]<min:
min = board[snake[HEAD]+mov[i]]
best_move = mov[i]
return best_move
#转换数组函数
def shift_array(arr, size):
for i in range(size, 0, -1):
arr[i] = arr[i-1]
def new_food():#随机函数生成新的食物
global food, snake_size
cell_free = False
while not cell_free:
w = random.randint(1, WIDTH-2)
h = random.randint(1, HEIGHT-2)
food = WIDTH*h + w
cell_free = is_cell_free(food, snake_size, snake)
pygame.draw.rect(playSurface,redColour,Rect(18*(food//WIDTH), 18*(food%WIDTH),18,18))
# 真正的蛇在这个函数中，朝pbest_move走1步
def make_move(pbest_move):
global snake, board, snake_size, score
shift_array(snake, snake_size)
snake[HEAD] += pbest_move
p = snake[HEAD]
for body in snake:#画蛇，身体，头，尾
pygame.draw.rect(playSurface,whiteColour,Rect(18*(body//WIDTH), 18*(body%WIDTH),18,18))
pygame.draw.rect(playSurface,greenColour,Rect(18*(snake[snake_size-1]//WIDTH),18*(snake[snake_size-1]%WIDTH),18,18))
pygame.draw.rect(playSurface,headColour,Rect(18*(p//WIDTH), 18*(p%WIDTH),18,18))
#下面一行是把初始情况会出现的第一个白块bug填掉
pygame.draw.rect(playSurface,(255,255,0),Rect(0,0,18,18))
# 刷新pygame显示层
pygame.display.flip()
# 如果新加入的蛇头就是食物的位置
# 蛇长加1，产生新的食物，重置board(因为原来那些路径长度已经用不上了)
if snake[HEAD] == food:
board[snake[HEAD]] = SNAKE # 新的蛇头
snake_size += 1
score += 1
if snake_size < FIELD_SIZE: new_food()
else: # 如果新加入的蛇头不是食物的位置
board[snake[HEAD]] = SNAKE # 新的蛇头
board[snake[snake_size]] = UNDEFINED # 蛇尾变为UNDEFINED，黑色
pygame.draw.rect(playSurface,blackColour,Rect(18*(snake[snake_size]//WIDTH),18*(snake[snake_size]%WIDTH),18,18))
# 刷新pygame显示层
pygame.display.flip()
# 虚拟地运行一次，然后在调用处检查这次运行可否可行
# 可行才真实运行。
# 虚拟运行吃到食物后，得到虚拟下蛇在board的位置
def virtual_shortest_move():
global snake, board, snake_size, tmpsnake, tmpboard, tmpsnake_size, food
tmpsnake_size = snake_size
tmpsnake = snake[:] # 如果直接tmpsnake=snake，则两者指向同一处内存
tmpboard = board[:] # board中已经是各位置到达食物的路径长度了，不用再计算
board_reset(tmpsnake, tmpsnake_size, tmpboard)
food_eated = False
while not food_eated:
board_BFS(food, tmpsnake, tmpboard)
move = choose_shortest_safe_move(tmpsnake, tmpboard)
shift_array(tmpsnake, tmpsnake_size)
tmpsnake[HEAD] += move # 在蛇头前加入一个新的位置
# 如果新加入的蛇头的位置正好是食物的位置
# 则长度加1，重置board，食物那个位置变为蛇的一部分(SNAKE)
if tmpsnake[HEAD] == food:
tmpsnake_size += 1
board_reset(tmpsnake, tmpsnake_size, tmpboard) # 虚拟运行后，蛇在board的位置
tmpboard[food] = SNAKE
food_eated = True
else: # 如果蛇头不是食物的位置，则新加入的位置为蛇头，最后一个变为空格
tmpboard[tmpsnake[HEAD]] = SNAKE
tmpboard[tmpsnake[tmpsnake_size]] = UNDEFINED
# 如果蛇与食物间有路径，则调用本函数
def find_safe_way():
global snake, board
safe_move = ERR
# 虚拟地运行一次，因为已经确保蛇与食物间有路径，所以执行有效
# 运行后得到虚拟下蛇在board中的位置，即tmpboard
virtual_shortest_move() # 该函数唯一调用处
if is_tail_inside(): # 如果虚拟运行后，蛇头蛇尾间有通路，则选最短路运行(1步)
return choose_shortest_safe_move(snake, board)
safe_move = follow_tail() # 否则虚拟地follow_tail 1步，如果可以做到，返回true
return safe_move
#初始化pygame
pygame.init()
#定义一个变量用来控制游戏速度
fpsClock = pygame.time.Clock()
# 创建pygame显示层
playSurface = pygame.display.set_mode((270,270))
pygame.display.set_caption('贪吃蛇')
# 绘制pygame显示层
playSurface.fill(blackColour)
#初始化食物
pygame.draw.rect(playSurface,redColour,Rect(18*(food//WIDTH), 18*(food%WIDTH),18,18))
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():#循环监听键盘和退出事件
if event.type == QUIT:#如果点了关闭
print(score)#游戏结束后打印分数
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
elif event.type == KEYDOWN:#如果esc键被按下
if event.key==K_ESCAPE:
print(score)#游戏结束后打印分数
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
# 刷新pygame显示层
pygame.display.flip()
#画围墙，255,255,0是黄色，边框是36是因为，pygame矩形是以边为初始，向四周填充边框
pygame.draw.rect(playSurface,(255,255,0),Rect(0,0,270,270),36)
# 重置距离
board_reset(snake, snake_size, board)
# 如果蛇可以吃到食物，board_BFS返回true
# 并且board中除了蛇身(=SNAKE)，其它的元素值表示从该点运动到食物的最短路径长
if board_BFS(food, snake, board):
best_move = find_safe_way() # find_safe_way的唯一调用处
else:
best_move = follow_tail()
if best_move == ERR:
best_move = any_possible_move()
# 上面一次思考，只得出一个方向，运行一步
if best_move != ERR: make_move(best_move)
else:
print(score)#游戏结束后打印分数
break
# 控制游戏速度
fpsClock.tick(20)#20看上去速度正好ok，这就是今天的全部内容866！
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