vue常用指令代码实例总结

时间：2020-08-03 python教程查看: 921

vue常用内置指令

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
 <meta charset="UTF-8">
 <title>12_指令_内置指令</title>
 <style>
  [v-cloak] { display: none }
 </style>
</head>
<body>
<!--
常用内置指令
 v:text : 更新元素的 textContent
 v-html : 更新元素的 innerHTML
 v-if : 如果为true, 当前标签才会输出到页面
 v-else: 如果为false, 当前标签才会输出到页面
 v-show : 通过控制display样式来控制显示/隐藏
 v-for : 遍历数组/对象
 v-on : 绑定事件监听, 一般简写为@
 v-bind : 强制绑定解析表达式, 可以省略v-bind
 v-model : 双向数据绑定
 ref : 为某个元素注册一个唯一标识, vue对象通过$refs属性访问这个元素对象
 v-cloak : 使用它防止闪现表达式, 与css配合: [v-cloak] { display: none }
-->
<div id="example">
 <p v-cloak>{{content}}</p>
 <p v-text="content"></p>  <!--p.textContent = content-->
 <p v-html="content"></p> <!--p.innerHTML = content-->
 <p ref="msg">abcd</p>
 <button @click="hint">提示</button>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
 new Vue({
  el: '#example',
  data: {
   content: '<a href="http://www.baidu.com" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >百度一下</a>'
  },
  methods: {
   hint () {
    alert(this.$refs.msg.innerHTML)
   }
  }
 })
</script>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>Document</title>
  <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/vue/2.2.2/vue.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
  <div id="app">
    <!-- 数据绑定 -->
    <a v-bind:href="url" rel="external nofollow" >百度一下</a>
    <!-- 双向数据绑定 -->
    <input type="text" v-model="name">
    <p>{{name}}</p>

    <!-- 绑定回车键 -->
    <input type="text" @keyup.enter="showEnt">
    <!-- 点击事件 -->
    <button @click="show('888')">按钮</button>
    <!-- 获取数组值 -->
    <p>{{arr[1]}}</p>
    <!-- 获取对象属性 -->
    <p>{{users[1].name}}</p>
  </div>
  <script>
    var app = new Vue({
      el: "#app",
      data: {
        name:'',
        url: 'http://www.baidu.com',
        arr: ["a", "b", "c", "d"],
        users: [
          { name: "aowei", age: 12 },
          { name: "baozi", age: 13 },
          { name: "bbbbb", age: 14 },
        ]
      },
      methods: {
        // 绑定回车键
        showEnt: function () {
          alert("666");
        },
        // 传参
        show: function (num) {
          alert(num);
        }
      },
    }
    )
  </script>
</body>
</html>

计算属性和监视

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
 <meta charset="UTF-8">
 <title>03_计算属性和监视</title>
</head>
<body>
<!--
1. 计算属性
 在computed属性对象中定义计算属性的方法
 在页面中使用{{方法名}}来显示计算的结果
2. 监视属性:
 通过通过vm对象的$watch()或watch配置来监视指定的属性
 当属性变化时, 回调函数自动调用, 在函数内部进行计算
3. 计算属性高级:
 通过getter/setter实现对属性数据的显示和监视
 计算属性存在缓存, 多次读取只执行一次getter计算
-->
<div id="demo">
 姓: <input type="text" placeholder="First Name" v-model="firstName"><br>
 名: <input type="text" placeholder="Last Name" v-model="lastName"><br>
 <!--fullName1是根据fistName和lastName计算产生-->
 姓名1(单向): <input type="text" placeholder="Full Name1" v-model="fullName1"><br>
 姓名2(单向): <input type="text" placeholder="Full Name2" v-model="fullName2"><br>
 姓名3(双向): <input type="text" placeholder="Full Name3" v-model="fullName3"><br>
 <p>{{fullName1}}</p>
 <p>{{fullName1}}</p>
</div>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/vue/2.2.2/vue.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
 const vm = new Vue({
  el: '#demo',
  data: {
   firstName: 'A',
   lastName: 'B',
   fullName2: 'A-B'
  },
  // 计算属性配置: 值为对象
  computed: {
   fullName1:function() { // 属性的get()
    return this.firstName + '-' + this.lastName;
   },
   fullName3: {
    // 当获取当前属性值时自动调用, 将返回值(根据相关的其它属性数据)作为属性值
    get () {
     return this.firstName + '-' + this.lastName
    },
    // 当属性值发生了改变时自动调用, 监视当前属性值变化, 同步更新相关的其它属性值
    set (value) {// fullName3的最新value值 A-B23
     // 更新firstName和lastName
     const names = value.split('-')
     this.firstName = names[0]
     this.lastName = names[1]
    }
   }
  },
  watch: {
   // 配置监视firstName
   firstName: function (value) { // 相当于属性的set
    // 更新fullName2
    this.fullName2 = value + '-' + this.lastName
   }
  }
 })
 // 监视lastName
 vm.$watch('lastName', function (value) {
  // 更新fullName2
  this.fullName2 = this.firstName + '-' + value
 })
</script>
</body>
</html>

列表渲染

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>Document</title>
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
  <div id="app">
    <ul>
      <li v-for='item in arr'>
        {{item}}
      </li>
    </ul>
    <ul>
      <li v-for="(item,index) in arr">
        {{index}} --- {{item}}
      </li>
    </ul>
    <h3 v-for="user in users" v-bind:title="user.name">
      {{user.name}} --- {{user.age}}
    </h3>
    <button @click="add">add按钮</button>
    <button @click="del">del按钮</button>
  </div>
  <script>
    var app = new Vue({
      el: "#app",
      data: {
        arr: ["a", "b", "c", "d"],
        users: [
          { name: "aowei", age: 12 },
          { name: "baozi", age: 13 },
          { name: "bbbbb", age: 14 },
        ]
      },
      methods: {
        add: function () {
          console.log("add");
          this.users.push({ name: "hello", age: "3" });
        },
        del: function () {
          console.log("del");
          this.users.shift();
        }
      },
    }
    )
  </script>
</body>
</html>

class & style 绑定

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
 <meta charset="UTF-8">
 <title>04_class与style绑定</title>
 <style>
  .classA {
   color: red;
  }
  .classB {
   background: blue;
  }
  .classC {
   font-size: 20px;
  }
 </style>
</head>
<body>
<!--
1. 理解
 在应用界面中, 某个(些)元素的样式是变化的
 class/style绑定就是专门用来实现动态样式效果的技术
2. class绑定: :class='xxx'
 xxx是字符串
 xxx是对象
 xxx是数组
3. style绑定
 :style="{ color: activeColor, fontSize: fontSize + 'px' }"
 其中activeColor/fontSize是data属性
-->
<div id="demo">
 <h2>1. class绑定: :class='xxx'</h2>
 <p :class="myClass">xxx是字符串</p>
 <p :class="{classA: hasClassA, classB: hasClassB}">xxx是对象</p>
 <p :class="['classA', 'classB']">xxx是数组</p>
 <h2>2. style绑定</h2>
 <p :style="{color:activeColor, fontSize}">:style="{ color: activeColor, fontSize: fontSize + 'px' }"</p>
 <button @click="update">更新</button>
</div>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
 new Vue({
  el: '#demo',
  data: {
   myClass: 'classA',
   hasClassA: true,
   hasClassB: false,
   activeColor: 'red',
   fontSize: '20px'
  },
  methods: {
   update () {
    this.myClass = 'classB'
    this.hasClassA = !this.hasClassA
    this.hasClassB = !this.hasClassB
    this.activeColor = 'yellow'
    this.fontSize = '30px'
   }
  }
 })
</script>
</body>
</html>

条件渲染

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
 <meta charset="UTF-8">
 <title>08_条件渲染</title>
</head>
<body>
<!--
1. 条件渲染指令
 v-if
 v-else
 v-show
2. 比较v-if与v-show
 如果需要频繁切换 v-show 较好
-->
<div id="demo">
 <p v-if="ok">表白成功</p>
 <p v-else>表白失败</p>
 <hr>
 <p v-show="ok">求婚成功</p>
 <p v-show="!ok">求婚失败</p>
 <button @click="ok=!ok">切换</button>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
 new Vue({
  el: '#demo',
  data: {
   ok: true,
  }
 })
</script>
</body>
</html>

事件处理

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
 <meta charset="UTF-8">
 <title>07_事件处理</title>
</head>
<body>
<!--
1. 绑定监听:
 v-on:xxx="fun"
 @xxx="fun"
 @xxx="fun(参数)"
 默认事件形参: event
 隐含属性对象: $event
2. 事件修饰符:
 .prevent : 阻止事件的默认行为 event.preventDefault()
 .stop : 停止事件冒泡 event.stopPropagation()
3. 按键修饰符
 .keycode : 操作的是某个keycode值的健
 .enter : 操作的是enter键
-->
<div id="example">
 <h2>1. 绑定监听</h2>
 <button @click="test1">test1</button>
 <button @click="test2('abc')">test2</button>
 <button @click="test3('abcd', $event)">test3</button>
 <h2>2. 事件修饰符</h2>
 <!-- 阻止事件默认行为 -->
 <a href="http://www.baidu.com" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" @click.prevent="test4">百度一下</a>
 <div style="width: 200px;height: 200px;background: red" @click="test5">
  <div style="width: 100px;height: 100px;background: blue" @click.stop="test6"></div>
  <!-- 阻止事件冒泡 -->
 </div>
 <h2>3. 按键修饰符</h2>
 <!-- enter键/13 -->
 <input type="text" @keyup.13="test7">
 <input type="text" @keyup.enter="test7">
</div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
 new Vue({
  el: '#example',
  data: {
  },
  methods: {
   test1(event) {
    alert(event.target.innerHTML)
   },
   test2 (msg) {
    alert(msg)
   },
   test3 (msg, event) {
    alert(msg+'---'+event.target.textContent)
   },
   test4 () {
    alert('点击了链接')
   },
   test5 () {
    alert('out')
   },
   test6 () {
    alert('inner')
   },
   test7 (event) {
    console.log(event.keyCode)
    alert(event.target.value)
   }
  }
 })
</script>
</body>
</html>

表单数据绑定

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
 <meta charset="UTF-8">
 <title>08_表单输入绑定</title>
</head>
<body>
<!--
1. 使用v-model(双向数据绑定)自动收集数据
 text/textarea
 checkbox
 radio
 select
-->
<div id="demo">
 <!-- 阻止表单自动提交，手动ajax提交 -->
 <form action="/xxx" @submit.prevent="handleSubmit"> 
  <span>用户名: </span>
  <input type="text" v-model="username"><br>
  <span>密码: </span>
  <input type="password" v-model="pwd"><br>
  <span>性别: </span>
  <input type="radio" id="female" value="女" v-model="sex">
  <label for="female">女</label>
  <input type="radio" id="male" value="男" v-model="sex">
  <label for="male">男</label><br>
  <span>爱好: </span>
  <input type="checkbox" id="basket" value="basket" v-model="likes">
  <label for="basket">篮球</label>
  <input type="checkbox" id="foot" value="foot" v-model="likes">
  <label for="foot">足球</label>
  <input type="checkbox" id="pingpang" value="pingpang" v-model="likes">
  <label for="pingpang">乒乓</label><br>
  <span>城市: </span>
  <select v-model="cityId">
   <option value="">未选择</option>
   <option :value="city.id" v-for="(city, index) in allCitys" :key="city.id">{{city.name}}</option>
  </select><br>
  <span>介绍: </span>
  <textarea rows="10" v-model="info"></textarea><br><br>
  <input type="submit" value="注册">
 </form>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
 new Vue({
  el: '#demo',
  data: {
   username: '',
   pwd: '',
   sex: '男',
   likes: ['foot'],
   allCitys: [{id: 1, name: 'BJ'}, {id: 2, name: 'SS'}, {id: 3, name: 'SZ'}],
   cityId: '2',
   info: ''
  },
  methods: {
   handleSubmit () {
    console.log(this.username, this.pwd, this.sex, this.likes, this.cityId, this.info)
    alert('提交注册的ajax请求')
   }
  }
 })
</script>
</body>
</html>

生命周期

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
 <meta charset="UTF-8">
 <title>09_Vue实例_生命周期</title>
</head>
<body>
<!--
1. vue对象的生命周期
 1). 初始化显示
  * beforeCreate()
  * created()
  * beforeMount()
  * mounted()
 2). 更新状态
  * beforeUpdate()
  * updated()
 3). 销毁vue实例: vm.$destory()
  * beforeDestory()
  * destoryed()
2. 常用的生命周期方法
 created()/mounted(): 发送ajax请求, 启动定时器等异步任务
 beforeDestory(): 做收尾工作, 如: 清除定时器
-->
<div id="test">
 <button @click="destroyVue">destory vue</button>
 <p v-if="isShow">尚硅谷IT教育</p>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
 new Vue({
  el: '#test',
  data: {
   isShow: true
  },
  beforeCreate() {
   console.log('beforeCreate()')
  },
  created() {
   console.log('created()')
  },
  beforeMount() {
   console.log('beforeMount()')
  },
  mounted () {
   console.log('mounted()')
   // 执行异步任务
   this.intervalId = setInterval(() => {
    console.log('-----')
    this.isShow = !this.isShow
   }, 1000)
  },
  beforeUpdate() {
   console.log('beforeUpdate()')
  },
  updated () {
   console.log('updated()')
  },
  beforeDestroy() {
   console.log('beforeDestroy()')
   // 执行收尾的工作
   clearInterval(this.intervalId)
  },
  destroyed() {
   console.log('destroyed()')
  },
  methods: {
   destroyVue () {
    this.$destroy()
   }
  }
 })
</script>
</body>
</html>

过渡，动画

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
 <meta charset="UTF-8">
 <title>10_过渡&动画1</title>
 <style>
  /*指定过渡样式*/
  .xxx-enter-active, .xxx-leave-active {
   transition: opacity 1s
  }
  /*指定隐藏时的样式*/
  .xxx-enter, .xxx-leave-to {
   opacity: 0;
  }
  .move-enter-active {
   transition: all 1s
  }
  .move-leave-active {
   transition: all 3s
  }
  .move-enter, .move-leave-to {
   opacity: 0;
   transform: translateX(20px)
  }
 </style>
</head>
<body>
<!--
1. vue动画的理解
 操作css的trasition或animation
 vue会给目标元素添加/移除特定的class
2. 基本过渡动画的编码
 1). 在目标元素外包裹<transition name="xxx">
 2). 定义class样式
  1>. 指定过渡样式: transition
  2>. 指定隐藏时的样式: opacity/其它
3. 过渡的类名
 xxx-enter-active: 指定显示的transition
 xxx-leave-active: 指定隐藏的transition
 xxx-enter: 指定隐藏时的样式
-->
<div id="demo">
 <button @click="show = !show">Toggle</button>
 <transition name="xxx">
  <p v-show="show">hello</p>
 </transition>
</div>
<hr>
<div id="demo2">
 <button @click="show = !show">Toggle2</button>
 <transition name="move">
  <p v-show="show">hello</p>
 </transition>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
 new Vue({
  el: '#demo',
  data: {
   show: true
  }
 })
 new Vue({
  el: '#demo2',
  data: {
   show: true
  }
 })
</script>
</body>
</html>

过滤器

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
 <meta charset="UTF-8">
 <title>11_过滤器</title>
</head>
<body>
<!--
1. 理解过滤器
 功能: 对要显示的数据进行特定格式化后再显示
 注意: 并没有改变原本的数据, 可是产生新的对应的数据
2. 编码
 1). 定义过滤器
  Vue.filter(filterName, function(value[,arg1,arg2,...]){
   // 进行一定的数据处理
   return newValue
  })
 2). 使用过滤器
  <div>{{myData | filterName}}</div>
  <div>{{myData | filterName(arg)}}</div>
-->
<!--需求: 对当前时间进行指定格式显示-->
<div id="test">
 <h2>显示格式化的日期时间</h2>
 <p>{{time}}</p>
 <p>最完整的: {{time | dateString}}</p>
 <p>年月日: {{time | dateString('YYYY-MM-DD')}}</p>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/moment.js/2.22.1/moment.js"></script>
<script>
 // 定义过滤器
 Vue.filter('dateString', function (value, format='YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss') {
  return moment(value).format(format);
 })
 new Vue({
  el: '#test',
  data: {
   time: new Date()
  },
  mounted () {
   setInterval(() => {
    this.time = new Date()
   }, 1000)
  }
 })
</script>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
 <meta charset="UTF-8">
 <title>12_指令_自定义指令</title>
</head>
<body>
<!--
1. 注册全局指令
 Vue.directive('my-directive', function(el, binding){
  el.innerHTML = binding.value.toupperCase()
 })
2. 注册局部指令
 directives : {
  'my-directive' : {
    bind (el, binding) {
     el.innerHTML = binding.value.toupperCase()
    }
  }
 }
3. 使用指令
 v-my-directive='xxx'
-->
<!--
需求: 自定义2个指令
 1. 功能类型于v-text, 但转换为全大写
 2. 功能类型于v-text, 但转换为全小写
-->
<div id="test">
 <p v-upper-text="msg"></p>
 <p v-lower-text="msg"></p>
</div>
<div id="test2">
 <p v-upper-text="msg"></p>
 <p v-lower-text="msg"></p>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
 // 注册一个全局指令
 // el: 指令所在的标签对象
 // binding: 包含指令相关数据的容器对象
 Vue.directive('upper-text', function (el, binding) {
  console.log(el, binding)
  el.textContent = binding.value.toUpperCase()
 })
 new Vue({
  el: '#test',
  data: {
   msg: "I Like You"
  },
  // 注册局部指令
  directives: {
   'lower-text'(el, binding) {
    console.log(el, binding)
    el.textContent = binding.value.toLowerCase()
   }
  }
 })
 new Vue({
  el: '#test2',
  data: {
   msg: "I Like You Too"
  }
 })
</script>
</body>
</html>

本文主要介绍了vue常用指令代码实例，更多关于vue常用指令请查看下面的相关链接

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