首页 > python web
时间:2020-07-28 python web 查看: 899
1. 需求vs现状
1.1 需求
要求做一个ERP后台辅助管理的程序,有以下几项基本要求:
1. 基本的增删改查功能
2. 基于对象的权限控制(如:系统用户分为平台运营人员和商家用户,商家用户小A只能查看编辑所属商家记录,而管理员可以纵览全局)
3. 数据库记录导入导出(xsl, json等),并且拥有对象级的权限控制(如:小A不能导出小B公司的信息,更不能导入小B公司信息进行更新和新增)
1.2 现状
实现需求1:Django-admin让我们能够很方便的实现一个管理后台程序。django-xadmin则在拥有admin基本功能的基础上增加了更为丰富的功能、界面也更加漂亮。类似还有django-suit等,本文使用xadmin(功能更丰富);
实现需求2:django-admin,以及xadmin都只有基于model级的权限控制机制,需要自己扩展或者使用开源解决方案,如django-guardian,django-rules,本文结合django-rules实现了该功能;
实现需求3:xadmin虽然自带导出功能,但是导入功能没有实现,django自带后台结合django-import-export可以很容易实现,但是xadmin并不直接兼容,只有通过xadmin的插件机制实现。
2. 功能实现
本节主要展示对象级权限功能实现。django工程、xadmin替换原生admin的设置,请参照官方文档。
2.1 安装并配置rules
pip安装:pip install django-rules
配置settings.py
# settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = (
# ...
'rules',
)
AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = (
'rules.permissions.ObjectPermissionBackend',
'django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend',
)
2.2 建立model
新增CompanyUser模型表示商家账户(即对django自带user模块进行扩展,使每个账号绑定自己的公司码),新增Customer模型表示商家的客户信息并包含公司码字段,商家账号只能查看、编辑、导入、导出公司码一致的商家客户信息
# model.py
class CompanyUser(models.Model):
user = models.OneToOneField(User, verbose_name='用户名')
is_taixiang_admin = models.BooleanField('是否运营人员', default=False)
company_code = models.CharField('公司码', max_length=20, blank=True, default='')
def __unicode__(self):
return '%s' % self.user
class Meta:
verbose_name = '导入账号'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class Customer(models.Model):
name = models.CharField('客户姓名', max_length=50)
phone = models.CharField('客户电话', max_length=12)
type_choice = ((1, '普通'), (2, '批发'), (3, 'VIP'))
creator = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, verbose_name='创建人', blank=True, null=True)
company_code = models.CharField('公司码', max_length=20, blank=True, null=True)
def __unicode__(self):
return '%s-%s-%s' % (self.company_code, self.name, self.phone1)
class Meta:
permissions = (
("simulate_import_customer", "允许模拟导入客户"),
("import_customer", "允许导入客户至商家系统"),
)
verbose_name = "客户"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
2.2 使用rule
在model统计目录新增rules.py,配置该app相关的对象权限
引用rules
# rules.py
# On Python 2, you must also add the following to the top of your rules.py file, or you'll get import errors trying to import django-rules itself
from __future__ import absolute_import
import rules
# 使用修饰符@rules.predicate自定义predicates(判断),返回True表示有权限,False表示无权限
# Predicates
@rules.predicate
def is_colleague(user, entry):
if not entry or not hasattr(user, 'companyuser'):
return False
return entry.company_code == user.companyuser.company_code
@rules.predicate
def is_taixiang_admin(user):
if not hasattr(user, 'companyuser'):
return False
return user.companyuser.is_taixiang_admin
# predicates间可以进行运算
is_colleague_or_taixiang_admin = is_colleague | is_taixiang_admin | rules.is_superuser
# 设置Rules
rules.add_rule('can_view_customer', is_colleague_or_taixiang_admin)
rules.add_rule('can_delete_customer', is_colleague_or_taixiang_admin)
rules.add_perm('can_change_customer', is_colleague_or_taixiang_admin)
# 设置Permissions
rules.add_perm('data_import.view_customer', is_colleague_or_taixiang_admin)
rules.add_perm('data_import.delete_customer', is_colleague_or_taixiang_admin)
rules.add_perm('data_import.add_customer', is_colleague_or_taixiang_admin)
rules.add_perm('data_import.change_customer', is_colleague_or_taixiang_admin)
2.3 admin.py以及adminx.py设置
如果使用原生的django-admin,admin.py做如下设置:
# admin.py
from __future__ import absolute_import
from django.contrib import admin
from rules.contrib.admin import ObjectPermissionsModelAdmin
from .models import Customer
# ModelAdmin class继承ObjectPermissionsModelAdmin即可
class CustomerAdmin(ObjectPermissionsModelAdmin):
pass
admin.site.register(Customer, CustomerAdmin)
使用xadmin,由于ObjectPermissionsModelAdmin无法直接使用,故参照源码重写has_change_permission和has_delete_permission方法即可。
注意:必须引用rules文件,权限规则才会生效,对于xadmin,添加
from .rules import *即可
# adminx.py
class CustomerAdmin(object):
def has_change_permission(self, obj=None):
codename = get_permission_codename('change', self.opts)
return self.user.has_perm('%s.%s' % (self.app_label, codename), obj)
def has_delete_permission(self, obj=None):
codename = get_permission_codename('delete', self.opts)
return self.user.has_perm('%s.%s' % (self.app_label, codename), obj)
# 重写queryset()或者get_list_display(),list view的权限也做到了对象级隔离
def queryset(self):
qs = super(CustomerAdmin, self).queryset()
if self.request.user.is_superuser or is_taixiang_admin(self.request.user):
return qs
try:
return qs.filter(company_code=self.request.user.companyuser.company_code)
except AttributeError:
return None
class CompanyUserAdmin(object):
pass
xadmin.sites.site.register(Customer, CustomerAdmin)
xadmin.sites.site.register(CompanyUser, CompanyUserAdmin)
2.4 效果展示
CompanyUser设置:
商家账号只有所属公司信息权限
运营人员拥有所有记录权限
补充知识:django 扩展自带权限,使其支持对象权限
扩展django 自带权限
说明
在不重写 自带权限的基础上,完成支持对象权限,适用于小型项目。
欢迎提出修改意见
软件支持
jsonfield
数据库
新建3个表
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser, Group ,User
from jsonfield import JSONField
class Request(models.Model):
request = models.CharField(max_length=16, verbose_name='请求类型(大写)')
class Meta:
db_table = "request"
verbose_name = "请求类型"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return self.request
class RolePermission(models.Model):
role = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name='角色组')
table = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name='表名字')
request = models.ManyToManyField(Request, verbose_name='请求', related_name='re', )
permission = JSONField(max_length=1024, verbose_name='权限条件')
class Meta:
db_table = "role_permission"
verbose_name = "角色组权限"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return self.role
class Role(models.Model):
group = models.ForeignKey(Group, verbose_name='用户组', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
roles = models.ManyToManyField(RolePermission, verbose_name='角色组权限', blank=True,related_name='roles' )
class Meta:
db_table = "role"
verbose_name = "角色组关系"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return self.group.name
system/models
Role 角色组关系 : 系统用户组 <--> 角色组权限
Request 请求类型 : GET ,POST
RolePermission 角色组权限 : 角色 表名字 请求 权限条件(JSON类型)
重点为 RolePermission 表。
例子
以常见的资产 asset 为例
表名字 asset 字段 groups (分组 为 dev,ops)
权限划分
新建用户 hequan
新建组 dev
在Request 表 添加
GET (代表只读)
POST (代表更新 删除)
在RolePermission 添加
角色 asset-dev只读
表名字assset
请求 GET
权限条件 {"groups":'dev'}
在Role 表中 添加
系统用户组 dev
角色组权限 asset-dev只读
权限验证代码
import json
from system.models import Role
from functools import wraps
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
def role_permission_get_list(function):
"""
列表页面 控制权限
:param function:
:return:
"""
@wraps(function)
def wrapped(self):
user = self.request.user
groups = [x['name'] for x in self.request.user.groups.values()]
request_type = self.request.method
model = str(self.model._meta).split(".")[1]
filter_dict = {}
not_list = ['page', 'order_by', 'csrfmiddlewaretoken']
for k, v in dict(self.request.GET).items():
if [i for i in v if i != ''] and (k not in not_list):
if '__in' in k:
filter_dict[k] = v
else:
filter_dict[k] = v[0]
if not user.is_superuser:
role_groups = Role.objects.filter(group__name__in=groups).values_list('roles__table',
'roles__request__request',
'roles__permission')
permission_dict = {}
for i in role_groups:
if i[0] == model and i[1] == request_type:
permission_dict = json.loads(i[2])
if permission_dict:
if filter_dict:
for k, v in permission_dict.items():
if '__in' in k:
k1 = k.replace('__in', '')
if '__gt' in k:
k1 = k.replace('__gt', '')
if '__lt' in k:
k1 = k.replace('__lt', '')
else:
k1 = k
if k1 in list(filter_dict.keys()):
del filter_dict[k1]
if filter_dict:
filter_dict.update(**permission_dict)
else:
print('查询条件处理后为空,默认权限')
filter_dict = permission_dict
else:
print('查询条件为空,默认权限')
filter_dict = permission_dict
else:
print('没有权限')
filter_dict = {'id': -1}
self.filter_dict = filter_dict
result = function(self)
return result
return wrapped
def role_permission_detail(function):
"""
详情页面 控制权限
:param function:
:return:
"""
@wraps(function)
def wrapped(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
user = self.request.user
if not user.is_superuser:
groups = [x['name'] for x in self.request.user.groups.values()]
request_type = self.request.method
model = str(self.model._meta).split(".")[1]
pk = self.kwargs.get(self.pk_url_kwarg, None)
role_groups = Role.objects.filter(group__name__in=groups).values_list('roles__table',
'roles__request__request',
'roles__permission')
permission_dict = {}
for i in role_groups:
if i[0] == model and i[1] == request_type:
permission_dict = json.loads(i[2])
permission_dict['id'] = pk
obj = self.model.objects.filter(**permission_dict).count()
if not obj:
return HttpResponse(status=403)
result = function(self, request, *args, **kwargs)
return result
return wrapped
def role_permission_update_delete(function):
"""
详情页面 控制权限
:param function:
:return:
"""
@wraps(function)
def wrapped(self, request):
user = self.request.user
if not user.is_superuser:
groups = [x['name'] for x in self.request.user.groups.values()]
request_type = self.request.method
model = str(self.model._meta).split(".")[1]
pk = self.request.POST.get('nid', None)
role_groups = Role.objects.filter(group__name__in=groups).values_list('roles__table',
'roles__request__request',
'roles__permission')
permission_dict = {}
for i in role_groups:
if i[0] == model and i[1] == request_type:
permission_dict = json.loads(i[2])
permission_dict['id'] = pk
obj = self.model.objects.filter(**permission_dict).count()
if not obj:
ret = {'status': None, 'error': "没有权限,拒绝", 'msg': 'Without permission, rejected'}
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))
result = function(self, request)
return result
return wrapped
CBV 例子
省略部分代码
class AssetListAll(LoginRequiredMixin, ListView):
model = Ecs
@role_permission_get_list
def get_queryset(self):
filter_dict = self.filter_dict
self.queryset = self.model.objects.filter(**filter_dict)
return self.queryset
class AssetChange(LoginRequiredMixin, UpdateView):
model = Ecs
@role_permission_detail
def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return super().dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
@role_permission_update_delete
def form_valid(self, form):
self.object = form.save()
return super().form_valid(form)
class AssetDetail(LoginRequiredMixin, DetailView):
model = Ecs
@role_permission_detail
def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return super().dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
class AssetDel(LoginRequiredMixin, View):
model = Ecs
@role_permission_update_delete
def post(self, request):
pass
以上这篇Django-xadmin+rule对象级权限的实现方式就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持python博客。