最近本菜鸡在学习 python GUI,从 tkinter 入门,想先做个小软件练习一下
思来想去,决定做一个 计算器
首先,导入我们需要的包 — tkinter,并通过 实例化一个 Tk 对象 创建窗口
因为我有点菜,目前还把控不好各组件的位置,所以窗口使用自动默认的大小
import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.messagebox
win = tkinter.Tk()
win.title("计算器")
win.mainloop()
大致 规划 各组件的 位置
我的目标是做成这个样子(最终效果)
大致规划好位置后,我创建了 四个 Frame,如下
u1s1,感觉两三个就够了
# 承载提示信息与输入框的框架
entry_frame = tk.Frame(win)
# 承载运算符号的框架
menu_frame = tk.Frame(win)
# 承载数字的框架
major_frame = tk.Frame(win)
# 承载等号的框架
cal_frame = tk.Frame(win)
entry_frame.pack(side="top")
menu_frame.pack(side="left")
major_frame.pack()
cal_frame.pack(side="right")
下面就做一个 输入框,分为两部分
t_label = tk.Label(entry_frame, text = "请输入 : ")
t_label.pack(side='left')
word_entry = tk.Entry(
entry_frame,
fg = "blue", # 输入字体颜色,设置为蓝色
bd = 3, # 边框宽度
width = 39, # 输入框长度
justify = 'right' # 设置对齐方式为靠右
)
word_entry.pack()
然后在下面的左侧 排列运算符号
for char in ['+', '-', '×', '÷']:
myButton(menu_frame, char, word_entry)
其中,myButton 类实例化一个按钮,并且当点击按钮时,输入框会出现相应的文本
当时遇到了问题 — 点击按钮无法获得争取的按钮上的文本你, 解决后写了一篇博客,传送门
用相同的办法 列举各个数字
for i in range(4):
num_frame = tk.Frame(major_frame)
num_frame.pack()
if i < 3:
for count in range(3*i+1, 3*i+4):
myButton(num_frame, count, word_entry, side=(i, count))
continue
myButton(num_frame, 0, word_entry, side=(i, 0))
当然,重置按钮和计算按钮 可不能忘
最后的计算就懒了一点,直接使用 entry.get() 获得要计算的式子,使用 eval() 函数计算,如果格式错误即弹窗提示
def calculate(entry):
try:
result = entry.get()
# 如果输入框中不存在字符串,则 = 按钮不管用
if result == '':
return
result = eval(result)
entry.delete(0, "end")
entry.insert(0, str(result))
except:
tkinter.messagebox.showerror("错误", "格式错误!\n请重新输入!")
reset_btn = tk.Button(
cal_frame,
text = '重置',
activeforeground = "blue",
activebackground = "pink",
width = "13",
command = lambda :word_entry.delete(0, "end")
).pack(side="left")
result_btn = tk.Button(
cal_frame,
text = '=',
activeforeground = "blue",
activebackground = "pink",
width = "13",
command = lambda :calculate(word_entry)
).pack(side="right")
全部代码
major.py
# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-
# @Time : 2021/3/4 13:06
# @Author : lhys
# @FileName: major.py
myName = r'''
Welcome, my master!
My Name is :
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ______________
| | | | | | | \ / | / /
| | | | | | | \ / | / /
| | | | | | | \ / | / /
| | | | | | \ \_/ / / _______/
| | | |______| | \ / \ \
| | | | \ / \ \
| | | ______ | \ / \ \
| | | | | | \ / \________ \
| | | | | | | | / /
| |_______ | | | | | | / /
| | | | | | | | / /
|____________| |____| |____| |_____| /______________/
'''
print(myName)
import tkinter as tk
from tools import *
win = tk.Tk()
win.title('计算器')
entry_frame = tk.Frame(win)
menu_frame = tk.Frame(win)
major_frame = tk.Frame(win)
cal_frame = tk.Frame(win)
entry_frame.pack(side="top")
menu_frame.pack(side="left")
major_frame.pack()
cal_frame.pack()
# 输入框
t_label = tk.Label(entry_frame, text = "请输入 : ")
t_label.pack(side='left')
word_entry = tk.Entry(
entry_frame,
fg = "blue",
bd = 3,
width = 39,
justify = 'right'
)
word_entry.pack()
# 菜单栏
for char in ['+', '-', '×', '÷']:
myButton(menu_frame, char, word_entry)
button_side = ['right', 'left']
for i in range(4):
num_frame = tk.Frame(major_frame)
num_frame.pack()
if i < 3:
for count in range(3*i+1, 3*i+4):
myButton(num_frame, count, word_entry, side=(i, count))
continue
myButton(num_frame, 0, word_entry, side=(i, 0))
reset_btn = tk.Button(
cal_frame,
text = '重置',
activeforeground = "blue",
activebackground = "pink",
width = "13",
command = lambda :word_entry.delete(0, "end")
).pack(side="left")
result_btn = tk.Button(
cal_frame,
text = '=',
activeforeground = "blue",
activebackground = "pink",
width = "13",
command = lambda :calculate(word_entry)
).pack(side="right")
win.mainloop()
tools.py
# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-
# @Time : 2021/3/4 13:20
# @Author : lhys
# @FileName: tools.py
import tkinter
import tkinter.messagebox
def calculate(entry):
try:
result = entry.get()
if result == '':
return
result = eval(result)
print(result)
entry.delete(0, "end")
entry.insert(0, str(result))
except:
tkinter.messagebox.showerror("错误", "格式错误!\n请重新输入!")
class myButton():
def __init__(self, frame, text, entry, **kwargs):
side = kwargs.get('side') if 'side' in kwargs else ()
self.btn = tkinter.Button(
frame,
text = text,
activeforeground="blue",
activebackground="pink",
width="13",
command=lambda :entry.insert("end", text)
)
if side:
self.btn.grid(row=side[0], column=side[1])
else:
self.btn.pack()
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