方1:使用selenium模块,简单粗暴。但是虽然方便但是缺点也是很明显,运行慢等等等。
方2:常规思路:直接去请求服务器
得到请求的URL
显然是经过加密的,现在就需要按着网易的思路去解读加密过程,然后进行模拟加密。
(忽略查找过程)找到:加密函数在
通过查找,找到加密函数具体位置:
运用的是AES,模式是:CBC
function a(a) { a=16
var d, e, b = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789", c = "";
for (d = 0; a > d; d += 1)
e = Math.random() * b.length, #生成随机数
e = Math.floor(e), #取整
c += b.charAt(e); #取出b中对应位置的字符
return c
}
function b(a, b) {
var c = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse(b)
, d = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse("0102030405060708")
, e = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse(a) #e是数据
, f = CryptoJS.AES.encrypt(e, c, { #c就是加密密钥
iv: d, #iv是偏移量
mode: CryptoJS.mode.CBC # 模式:CBC加密
});
return f.toString()
}
function c(a, b, c) {
var d, e;
return setMaxDigits(131),
d = new RSAKeyPair(b,"",c),
e = encryptedString(d, a)
}
function d(d, e, f, g) { d:数据json串 e:"010001" f: g = "0CoJUm6Qyw8W8jud"
var h = {}
, i = a(16); #16位随机值
return h.encText = b(d, g), g是密钥
h.encText = b(h.encText, i), #返回的就是params i是密钥
h.encSecKey = c(i, e, f), #返回的是encSecKey e和f定死,能产生变数的只能是i
h
function e(a, b, d, e) {
var f = {};
return f.encText = c(a + e, b, d),
f
}
window.asrsea = d
解读该过程即可:代码有注释。
function d(d, e, f, g) { d:数据json串 e:"010001" f: g = "0CoJUm6Qyw8W8jud"
var bZe2x = window.asrsea(JSON.stringify(i4m), brx6r(["流泪", "强"]), brx6r(Sc1x.md), brx6r(["爱心", "女孩", "惊恐", "大笑"]));
#使用网页控制台:发现都为定值;
拿到该值之后开始编写代码
全部代码粘贴
#1.找到未加密的参数 #通过函数window.asrsea()进行加密
#2.想办法把参数进行加密,params--->encText encSecKey--->encSecKey
from Cryptodome.Cipher import AES
from base64 import b64encode
import requests,json
e = "010001"
f = "00e0b509f6259df8642dbc35662901477df22677ec152b5ff68ace615bb7b725152b3ab17a876aea8a5aa76d2e417629ec4ee341f56135fccf695280104e0312ecbda92557c93870114af6c9d05c4f7f0c3685b7a46bee255932575cce10b424d813cfe4875d3e82047b97ddef52741d546b8e289dc6935b3ece0462db0a22b8e7"
g = "0CoJUm6Qyw8W8jud"
i = "0hyFaCNAVzOIdoht"
url = 'https://music.163.com/weapi/comment/resource/comments/get?csrf_token='
headers = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/84.0.4147.105 Safari/537.36'
}
def get_encSecKey():
return "4022359ea3110bcd034e0160c3b89e5e172fd0110a3cf765d9f366d9fd09840a1f4a4705ac43719fdb8bfeb44d3b92334733061ad10942131184a4dfba0ac9d2cf867b8b6236523c1ca5f44c0d2d82c1c2665a3137a9241c7373539c1aa8e5e9bb9d33dafc764b5d76c2ab34fc94df85e27a934c8a603fa713f2cf38c2b7bbae"
def get_params(data): #data默认是json字符串
first = enc_params(data,g)
second = enc_params(first,i)
return second
def to_16(data):
pad = 16-len(data)%16
data +=chr(pad) * pad
return data
def enc_params(data,key): #加密过程
iv = "0102030405060708"
data = to_16(data)
aes = AES.new(key=key.encode('utf-8'),IV=iv.encode('utf-8'),mode=AES.MODE_CBC) #创建加密器
bs = aes.encrypt(data.encode('utf-8')) #加密
return str(b64encode(bs),"utf-8") #转化成字符串
#处理加密过程
'''
function a(a) { a=16
var d, e, b = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789", c = "";
for (d = 0; a > d; d += 1)
e = Math.random() * b.length, #生成随机数
e = Math.floor(e), #取整
c += b.charAt(e); #取出b中对应位置的字符
return c
}
function b(a, b) {
var c = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse(b)
, d = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse("0102030405060708")
, e = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse(a) #e是数据
, f = CryptoJS.AES.encrypt(e, c, { #c就是加密密钥
iv: d, #iv是偏移量
mode: CryptoJS.mode.CBC # 模式:CBC加密
});
return f.toString()
}
function c(a, b, c) {
var d, e;
return setMaxDigits(131),
d = new RSAKeyPair(b,"",c),
e = encryptedString(d, a)
}
function d(d, e, f, g) { d:数据json串 e:"010001" f: g = "0CoJUm6Qyw8W8jud"
var h = {}
, i = a(16); #16位随机值
return h.encText = b(d, g), g是密钥
h.encText = b(h.encText, i), #返回的就是params i是密钥
h.encSecKey = c(i, e, f), #返回的是encSecKey e和f定死,能产生变数的只能是i
h
}'''
if __name__ == '__main__':
page = int(input('请输入需要爬取的页数:'))
print('开始爬虫!!!')
fp = open('./网易云评论.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8')
for j in range(1,page+1):
page_num = str(j*20)
data = {
'csrf_token': "",
'cursor': "-1",
'offset': "0",
'orderType': "1",
'pageNo': "1",
'pageSize': page_num,
'rid': "R_SO_4_1376142151",
'threadId': "R_SO_4_1376142151"
}
response = requests.post(url,data={
"params":get_params(json.dumps(data)),
"encSecKey":get_encSecKey()
},headers=headers)
result = json.loads(response.content.decode('utf-8'))
#hotComments
for hot in range(len(result['data']['hotComments'])):
fp.write('hotComments' + ' ')
fp.write('昵称:' + result['data']['hotComments'][hot]['user']['nickname'] + '\n')
fp.write('评论:' + result['data']['hotComments'][hot]['content'] + '\n')
if result['data']['hotComments'][hot]['user']['vipRights'] == None:
fp.write('vip:yes' + '\n')
else:
fp.write('vip:no' + '\n')
fp.write('点赞数' + str(result['data']['hotComments'][hot]['likedCount']) + '\n')
fp.write('-------------------------------------' + '\n')
#print(result['data']['hotComments'][1]['user']['nickname'])
#comments
for r in range(20):
fp.write('comments')
fp.write('昵称:'+result['data']['comments'][r]['user']['nickname']+'\n')
fp.write('评论:'+result['data']['comments'][r]['content']+'\n')
if result['data']['comments'][r]['user']['vipRights'] == None:
fp.write('vip:yes'+'\n')
else:
fp.write('vip:no'+'\n')
fp.write('点赞数'+str(result['data']['comments'][r]['likedCount'])+'\n')
fp.write('-------------------------------------'+'\n')
print('爬取完毕!!!')
效果图
通过这次爬虫实验,在爬取的过程中,遇到各种困难,收货很多。掌握遇到加密,该如何处理的步骤,以及拓宽自己的思路,去运用各种工具。以及各种自己想不到的思路。最起码,下次遇到如此加密的数据获取,心里有了一些底气。
也了解了大互联网公司对数据进行加密的一种方式,以及网页运作的更深一步的了解,受益颇多。
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